जल उपचार रसायन

Coal combustion problems: Sulfur, sodium and vanadium are present in residual fuels in concentrations that depend on the source of the coal feedstock, contamination in handling etc. Concentrations of sulfur in residuals varies from 0.3% to 0.5% in some coal and it may be up to 2% to 3.5% for coal. Vanadium and sulfur vary from 20 ppm to 30 ppm in some coal to as much as 900 ppm

A boiler antiscalant is a water treatment chemical used to prevent the formation of mineral scale and deposits on the heat transfer surfaces of a boiler. These chemicals work by keeping scale-forming minerals like calcium, magnesium, and silica in a water-soluble form, preventing them from precipitating and adhering to boiler tubes. By inhibiting scale, antiscalants improve boiler efficiency, save energy, reduce maintenance, extend equipment life, and ensure safer operation by preventing overheating and tube failures

Steam additives and anti-foams are chemicals that prevent or break up foam in industrial processes by reducing surface tension and destabilizing foam films, thereby preventing impurities from being carried into the steam and ensuring efficient operation. They are typically insoluble, low-viscosity substances like silicone derivatives, oils, alcohols, and glycols that spread across the liquid surface to rupture air bubbles. In boilers, anti-foaming agents prevent carryover, which is the entrainment of water in the steam, while in other industries, they are used to control foam in processing liquids such as detergents, food products, and wastewater